Fire Science Final Report for JFSP Project 09-1-06-5 - Interactions of insects, fire and climate on fuel loads and fire behavior in mixed conifer forest
Mixed-conifer forests in the interior Pacific Northwest are subject to sporadic outbreaks of the western spruce budworm, the most destructive defoliator in western North America. Such outbreaks usually occur synchronously over broad regions and lead to widespread decreases in growth rates and low to moderate levels of mortality. In the last century, changing land use and fire suppression have led to an increase in the amount and density of host tree species, and changed fire regimes.
The link address is: https://www.firescience.gov/projects/09-1-06-5/project/09-1-06-5_final_report.pdf